Extrinsic & Intrinsic Usages of “Will”

Shady Abuyusuf

Mon, 20 May 2024

91

The English language boasts a complex array of grammatical structures that grant richness and versatility to the language, allowing users to express a range of thoughts, meanings, and emotions. Among these structures are modal verbs, which add nuance to verbs by providing information about the likelihood, possibility, or necessity of an action – such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “can,” “must,” “shall,” and, of course, “will.” Focusing on the modal verb “will,” this article delves into its extrinsic and intrinsic usages, showing how context and intention are crucial for understanding the meaning of this versatile modal verb.

Extrinsic Usage of “Will”

The extrinsic usage of “will” encompasses three primary functions: predictability, possibility, and probability.

1. Predictability

When used to express predictability, “will” indicates the speaker’s belief that an event is likely or certain to occur in the future. It shows a high level of confidence in the outcome and the speaker’s understanding of the likelihood based on available information. For example:

– She will probably be home by 8 pm.

– The meeting will likely take place on Friday.

2. Possibility

“Will” can also indicate that an event has the potential to occur, without necessarily specifying its likelihood. This usage suggests that the outcome is not determined or guaranteed and may be subject to change. Examples include:

– We will see what happens tomorrow.

– They will consider all the options before making a decision.

3. Probability

In this usage, “will” expresses the perceived likelihood of an event occurring. It demonstrates the speaker’s evaluation of circumstances that give rise to expectations or estimations. For instance:

– It will rain tomorrow, according to the weather forecast.

– The new policy will probably cause some confusion at first.

Intrinsic Usage of “Will”

Beyond the extrinsic realm, the intrinsic usage of “will” explores a broad range of other functions.

1. Volition or intention

“Will” can be used to denote a person’s intention or determination to do something, which often applies when making plans, promises, or decisions. Examples include:

– I will go to the store later.

– She will finish the report by the deadline.

2. Offers or invitations

When “will” appears in interrogative sentences, it can signal offers or invitations, either made by the speaker or sought from the interlocutor. For example:

– Will you help me with this?

– Will you join us for dinner tonight?

3. Commands or orders

In certain contexts, “will” may convey a strong sense of command or order, making it clear that the speaker has authority or power over the listener. Examples might be:

– You will complete this task on time.

– Soldiers, you will follow my orders.

4. Habitual behaviour

Occasionally, “will” can describe behaviours or actions that occur habitually or characteristically. In these instances, “will” highlights consistent patterns rather than predictable future occurrences. For example:

– She will always sing when she’s happy.

– He will usually wake up before sunrise.

The versatile modal verb “will” serves a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic purposes in the English language. Its subtle and diverse usages provide speakers with a rich palette for expressing predictability, possibility, probability, and a range of other communicative intentions. By mastering the contextual cues that distinguish its different functions, English language users can unlock the full potential of this nuanced modal verb.